The swooning begins

Just in case you had any doubts about how the Intelligent Design creationists would react to the denial of Gonzalez’s tenure, here’s how Uncommon Descent illustrated it:

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I like the little sign above his head: he’s being burned at the stake because he “believes in God”! I assure you that the fact that someone goes to church does not play any role in tenure decisions, nor does the penalty for failure to get tenure involve immolation, or even singeing. The reality is that Guillermo Gonzalez is being politely shown the door because he “believes in pernicious pseudoscience,” and more pragmatically, because he didn’t bring in enough grant money.

Everything is evolution

I can’t help it—everything I read only makes sense in the light of evolution. Here, for instance, is a story about the popularity of the AK-47 assault rifle:

The AK-47’s popularity is generally attributed to its functional characteristics; ease of operation, robustness to mistreatment and negligible failure rate. The weapon’s weaknesses — it is considerably less accurate, less safe for users, and has a smaller range than equivalently calibrated weapons — are usually overlooked, or considered to be less important than the benefits of its simplicity. But other assault rifles are approximately as simple to manage, yet they have not experienced the soaring popularity of the Kalashnikov.

The AK-47’s ubiquity could alternatively be explained as a result of a path dependent process. Economic historians recognize that an inferior product may persist when a small but early advantage becomes large over time and builds up a legacy that makes switching costly. In the case of the AK-47 that early advantage may be that as a Soviet invention it was not subject to patent and so could be freely copied.

“Path dependency”…hey, that’s another phrase for something I hammer on all the time, that you can only understand the full extent of evolution if you understand the developmental processes underlying it. Many sub-optimal solutions persist because they are part of a developmental framework that isn’t easily changed.

And speaking of suboptimal…there’s Microsoft Word, an ungainly monstrosity if ever there was one. Both Science and Nature have rejected the use of the latest version of MS Word, because it is non-standard and effectively broken.

Because of changes Microsoft has made in its recent Word release that are incompatible with our internal workflow, which was built around previous versions of the software, Science cannot at present accept any files in the new .docx format produced through Microsoft Word 2007, either for initial submission or for revision. Users of this release of Word should convert these files to a format compatible with Word 2003 or Word for Macintosh 2004 (or, for initial submission, to a PDF file) before submitting to Science.

There’s a “path dependency” for you, the ubiquity of Word. Even highly evolved, complex and otherwise necessary pathways can be replaced, though, if more effective alternative pathways acquire greater importance. If the target of selection is the production of a functional end product (a standard readable file in this case) and there are multiple paths for delivering that end product (doc or pdf), the acquisition and spread of a deleterious mutation in the dominant pathway can lead to greater importance of the alternate.

Hmm, I have to go home and start a pot of minestrone soup for dinner…somebody explain that process in evolutionary terms for me.

Let the caterwauling commence…errm, increase!

The president of Iowa State University has rejected Guillermo Gonzalez’s appeal for tenure, citing the fact that “he simply did not show the trajectory of excellence that we expect.” That, alas, is the result I expected, and that everyone involved should have expected.

Now, if we expected a rational, productive response from the DI (not that I do), we should see them put down the hammers and nails and peel the poor fellow off the cross they’ve put him on. It’s time for Gonzalez to focus on the future and try to recover from the PR debacle his “friends” at the DI have put him through.

Evolution of direct development in echinoderms

In chapter 14 of the Origin of Species, Darwin wondered about the whole process of metamorphosis. Some species undergo radical transformations from embryo to adult, passing through larval stages that are very different from the adult, while others proceed directly to the adult form. This process of metamorphosis is of great interest to both developmental and evolutionary biologists, because what we see are major transitions in form not over long periods of time, but within a single generation.

We are so much accustomed to see a difference in structure between
the embryo and the adult, that we are tempted to look at this
difference as in some necessary manner contingent on growth. But there
is no reason why, for instance, the wing of a bat, or the fin of a
porpoise, should not have been sketched out with all their parts in
proper proportion, as soon as any part became visible. In some whole
groups of animals and in certain members of other groups this is the
case, and the embryo does not at any period differ widely from the
adult: thus Owen has remarked in regard to cuttlefish, “There is no
metamorphosis; the cephalopodic character is manifested long before
the parts of the embryo are completed.” Landshells and fresh-water
crustaceans are born having their proper forms, whilst the marine
members of the same two great classes pass through considerable and
often great changes during their development. Spiders, again, barely
undergo any metamorphosis. The larvae of most insects pass through a
worm-like stage, whether they are active and adapted to diversified
habits, or are inactive from being placed in the midst of proper
nutriment or from being fed by their parents; but in some few cases,
as in that of Aphis, if we look to the admirable drawings of the
development of this insect, by Professor Huxley, we see hardly any
trace of the vermiform stage.

Why do some lineages undergo amazing processes of morphological change over their life histories, while others quickly settle on a single form and stick with it through their entire life? In some cases, we can even find closely related species where one goes through metamorphosis, and another doesn’t; this is clearly a relatively labile character in evolution. And one of the sharpest, clearest examples of this fascinating flexibility is found in the sea urchins.

[Read more…]

Outrageous!

How dare cartoonists make fun of atheists? We are not to be mocked!

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You know what this demands, right? Rioting in the streets! That’s right — all you True Atheists will get off your butts right now and go set an embassy or a cartoonist, whichever is handiest, on fire.

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Or not.

Scienceblogs doesn’t want to hear from you

It’s nothing personal. For much of this morning, they’re going to be moving the database to a new server, and they’re going to shut off write access to it. That means you won’t be able to write comments on any of the articles on scienceblogs for about 3 hours, from 9-12ET today.

Don’t panic.

This is one step they’re taking to improve performance and make those annoying “internal server errors” and double-posts a thing of the past.

D’oh! Coturnix, who must be more aware of the time than I am, tells me that comments will be off from 9-12pm today. Never underestimate how late a programmer will sleep in; I just assumed 9am was plenty late for someone to get up, have coffee, read the newspaper, write a couple of pages, make a trip to the grocery store, and go in and take care of the lab animals—which was what I got done before 9—and that all that stuff would have been gotten out of the way by lunchtime.

Telegraphic kookiness

Time for another edition of “I get email”! Below the fold you’ll find a comprehensive example of the kind of exhortation I get all the time—this one is a long list of assertions that god is right, science is wrong, all transmitted in short sentences that aren’t in any particular order.

No, I didn’t reply to this one. He’s got 41 numbered points that he claims refute evolution, everything from “male nipples arouse women” to claims that Jupiter couldn’t form because gasses expand, and then there’s Pascal’s wager and lots of bible quotes. It’s a very silly list, don’t strain yourself over it.

[Read more…]

Town on stilts

Worried that global warming will submerge your real estate? Here’s the solution the town of Galveston hit upon after they were devastated by a hurricane in 1900: the entire town was hoisted up on stilts, and new fill placed underneath. The photographs are amazing—it was an impressive engineering project, and it was all done with manual labor.

It’s also a little bit familiar. In my old home town, you could date the houses by their construction: the older ones were all built up on foundations that raised the floor a couple of feet off the ground, because the town was on a flood plain—my parents had photos of people canoeing down the streets when the Green River rose above its banks. There the solution was to build a dam on the river and control it that way, and that’s when the newer houses could have these peculiar things called basements.

Damming the ocean is a rather bigger problem.