A new Circus of the Spineless, and a call for submissions for the next

As is traditional at the end of the month, a new Circus of the Spineless is up at The Voltage Gate. And the next Circus of the Spineless at the end of February will be…here! Start sending me good stuff on invertebrate organisms—remember, there are over 30 animal phyla, and all but one of them are fair game, and even that one contains non-vertebrate classes. Will we be able to get them all represented?

Eophyllium messelensis

Any other fans of the Phasmatodea out there? For years, we kept a collection of stick insects — they are extremely easy to raise, and although they aren’t exactly dynamos of activity, they’re weird enough to be entertaining — and so I perk up when I notice a paper on them. The latest news is the discovery of a fossil leaf insect (also a member of the Phasmatodea, but a smaller subgroup specialized to resemble leaves rather than twigs) from 47 million years ago that resembles modern forms very closely. The cryptic camouflage of this group is ancient, and probably coevolved with the emergence of angiosperms.

Here’s the specimen.

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Photo (A) and line drawing (B) of holotype of fossil leaf insect E. messelensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Eocene Messel Pit, Germany (MeI 12560). a3–a10, abdominal segments 3–10; ant, antennae; cer, cerci; fl, foreleg; fw, forewing; hl, hindleg; hw, hindwing; int, intestinal tract; ml, midleg; vom, vomer.

In case you were wondering about relationships, here’s a very nice cladogram. One other detail is that there are about 3000 species of phasmids with the stick form, but only 37 that are leaflike, and all are confined to Southeast Asia; this fossil was found in Europe, where no such species are native.

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E. messelensis gen. et sp. nov. in evolutionary and biogeographical context. (A) Simplified cladogram with a partial geochronologic scale showing the phylogenetic position of E. messelensis and the temporal sequence of character evolution. Oldest fossil records of determined adult representatives of Timematodea and Euphasmatodea are depicted. M, Messel fossil site; B, Baltic Amber. Dating of splitting events of crown-group Phasmatodea is unknown. Euphasmatodea represent an unknown number of lineages. Figures are not to scale. (B) Distribution of extant and fossil leaf insects.

Now I’m pining for our old insect pets — we had to leave them behind in one of our many moves. Anyone want to mail me some phasmid eggs?


Wedmann S, Bradler S, Rust J (2007) The first fossil leaf insect: 47 million years of specialized cryptic morphology and behavior. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 104(2):565-569.