(For previous posts on torture, see here.)
An article by Mark Danner in the April 30, 2009 issue of the New York Review of Books accompanied his release of the February 2007 confidential report of the International Committee of the Red Cross on what was done to detainees in US custody. It is truly horrifying. These are the methods that were used by the US on its detainees:
- Suffocation by water poured over a cloth placed over the nose and mouth…[i.e., ‘waterboarding’]
- Prolonged stress standing position, naked, held with the arms extended and chained above the head…
- Beatings by use of a collar held around the detainees’ neck and used to forcefully bang the head and body against the wall…
- Beating and kicking, including slapping, punching, kicking to the body and face…
- Confinement in a box to severely restrict movement…
- Prolonged nudity…this enforced nudity lasted for periods ranging from several weeks to several months…
- Sleep deprivation…through use of forced stress positions (standing or sitting), cold water and use of repetitive loud noises or music…
- Exposure to cold temperature…especially via cold cells and interrogation rooms, and…use of cold water poured over the body or…held around the body by means of a plastic sheet to create an immersion bath with just the head out of water.
- Prolonged shackling of hands and/or feet…
- Threats of ill-treatment, to the detainee and/or his family…
- Forced shaving of the head and beard…
- Deprivation/restricted provision of solid food from 3 days to 1 month after arrest…
How did the US torturers even come up with the ideas for these methods? They were developed as part of the SERE (“Survival Evasion Resistance and Escape”) counter-resistance program developed by the US military, to train their own people to resist what they themselves called torture when it was done to them by others. Danner quotes a Senate Armed Services Committee report that says:
The techniques used in SERE school, based, in part, on Chinese Communist techniques used during the Korean war to elicit false confessions, include stripping students of their clothing, placing them in stress positions, putting hoods over their heads, disrupting their sleep, treating them like animals, subjecting them to loud music and flashing lights, and exposing them to extreme temperatures. It can also include face and body slaps and until recently, for some who attended the Navy’s SERE school, it included waterboarding.
The progression is chilling. When done by the Chinese against US prisoners, these actions were unequivocally condemned as torture. These torture techniques were then used to train US personnel to resist torture in the event they were captured by countries that did not abide by the Third and Fourth Geneva Conventions or the Treaty Against Torture. And then they were used as a how-to manual by the US to torture others.
There is no doubt that the US has tortured people in violation of the law. The question now is what should be done about it.
As Danner says:
One fact, seemingly incontrovertible, after the descriptions contained and the judgments made in the ICRC report, is that officials of the United States, in interrogating prisoners in the “War on Terror,” have tortured and done so systematically. From many other sources, including the former president himself, we know that the decision to do so was taken at the highest level of the American government and carried out with the full knowledge and support of its most senior officials.
Once this is accepted as a fact, certain consequences might be expected to follow. First, that these policies, violating as they do domestic and international law, must be changed—which, as noted, President Obama began to accomplish on his first full day in office. Second, that they should be explicitly repudiated—a more complicated political process, which has, perhaps, begun, but only begun. Third, that those who ordered, designed, and applied them must be brought before the public in some societally sanctioned proceeding, made to explain what they did and how, and suffer some appropriate consequence.
And fourth, and crucially, that some judgment must be made, based on the most credible of information compiled and analyzed and weighed by the most credible of bodies, about what these policies actually accomplished: how they advanced the interests of the country, if indeed they did advance them, and how they hurt them.
But rather than following through on the logic that those who commit torture should face investigation and prosecution, what has been disgusting are the efforts to excuse and justify these actions in response to these revelations, simply because they were done by ‘our’ side.
Next: The parade of excuses for the torture committed by the US
POST SCRIPT: Hypocrisy
The Daily Show on the difference between the way Japanese torturers were treated compared to the US torturers for doing the same things.
| The Daily Show With Jon Stewart | M – Th 11p / 10c | |||
| A Brief History of Torture | ||||
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