The quick, short, tentative reply: One cause, one effect.
While the video was enjoyable, but I don’t think the challenge is as necessarily pointed as its author believes, or even particularly directed to religion. The general idea – that one effect, the world, requires one cause – would appear to be the same as the one expressed by Aristotle at the end of Metaphysics L: “The rule of many is not good; one ruler let there be.”
This implicis argument expressed by Aristotle undoes the premise of the video’s challenge a bit, because either it shows (i) how a Greek polytheistic pagan could have ‘reasoned’ his way to postulating some one single principle or cause of the universe, despite the general prevailing religious beliefs of his culture; or (ii) that the question of whether there was one cause or more doesn’t have any necessary connection as a challenge to monotheistic religion, but is a general problem for any scientific account of the universe’s ‘origin’ (keeping in mind that Aristotle is talking about how many ‘movers’ to postulate in that passage).
Anyways, sorry for the somewhat garbled and quick phrasing, hope my general point comes across.
Seems a very Humean approach: Philo in Hume’s Dialogues says something pretty similar, and goes on to anticipate possible objections. For example:
To multiply causes without necessity, is indeed contrary to true philosophy: but this principle applies not to the present case. Were one deity antecedently proved by your theory, who were possessed of every attribute requisite to the production of the universe; it would be needless, I own, (though not absurd,) to suppose any other deity existent. But while it is still a question, Whether all these attributes are united in one subject, or dispersed among several independent beings, by what phenomena in nature can we pretend to decide the controversy? Where we see a body raised in a scale, we are sure that there is in the opposite scale, however concealed from sight, some counterpoising weight equal to it; but it is still allowed to doubt, whether that weight be an aggregate of several distinct bodies, or one uniform united mass. And if the weight requisite very much exceeds any thing which we have ever seen conjoined in any single body, the former supposition becomes still more probable and natural. An intelligent being of such vast power and capacity as is necessary to produce the universe, or, to speak in the language of ancient philosophy, so prodigious an animal exceeds all analogy, and even comprehension.
Daniel Fincke is the founder, owner, and primary blogger of Camels With Hammers. Dan has his PhD in philosophy from Fordham University. He wrote his dissertation on Nietzsche’s philosophy and metaethics. At Camels With Hammers he aims to discuss atheism, ethics, religion, Nietzsche, secularism, and general issues in philosophy in ways that are both accessible to non-philosophers and yet stimulating to professional philosophers. He is simultaneously an Adjunct Assistant Professor at both Hofstra University and the City University of New York Hunter College, and also an Adjunct Professor at William Paterson University, Fairfield University, and Fordham University. He has taught at the university level since 2003. His remarks on this blog, of course, do not speak for any of the universities with which he is affiliated.
Until he was 21 he was a devout Evangelical Christian. As an undergraduate, he studied philosophy and minored in religion at Grove City College, which is one of America's most religiously and politically right wing colleges. He became an atheist there during his senior year five months after The Portable Nietzsche dealt what would prove to be the fatal blows to his faith.
Dan lives in Manhattan. You can SUBSCRIBE TO CAMELS WITH HAMMERS. You can also e-mail Dan at camelswithhammers at gmail . com. You are invited to become his Facebook friend, +1 him on Google Plus, follow him on Twitter, and/or or like Camels With Hammers'Facebook page. Listen to an interview he gave to the Angry Atheist podcast to hear him discuss his deconversion and his views on atheism and religion. Watch a 10 minute video in which he overviews some of his views on Nietzsche that he developed in his dissertation. Read his article Apostasy As A Religious Act (Or "Why A Camel Hammers The Idols Of Faith") if you are curious about the meaning of the blog's name. Eric Steinhart is an occasional guest contributor, so remember to check the authorship of each blog post to know who you are reading. He is a non-theist metaphysician and philosopher of religion. He is Professor of Philosophy at William Paterson University, and is the author of many scholarly articles and three books.
The quick, short, tentative reply: One cause, one effect.
While the video was enjoyable, but I don’t think the challenge is as necessarily pointed as its author believes, or even particularly directed to religion. The general idea – that one effect, the world, requires one cause – would appear to be the same as the one expressed by Aristotle at the end of Metaphysics L: “The rule of many is not good; one ruler let there be.”
This implicis argument expressed by Aristotle undoes the premise of the video’s challenge a bit, because either it shows (i) how a Greek polytheistic pagan could have ‘reasoned’ his way to postulating some one single principle or cause of the universe, despite the general prevailing religious beliefs of his culture; or (ii) that the question of whether there was one cause or more doesn’t have any necessary connection as a challenge to monotheistic religion, but is a general problem for any scientific account of the universe’s ‘origin’ (keeping in mind that Aristotle is talking about how many ‘movers’ to postulate in that passage).
Anyways, sorry for the somewhat garbled and quick phrasing, hope my general point comes across.
Seems a very Humean approach: Philo in Hume’s Dialogues says something pretty similar, and goes on to anticipate possible objections. For example: